In today’s time, logic is the study of formally valid inferences. An argument is formally valid if the conclusion necessarily follows from its premises. Logic is the study of truth, in this case, formal truth, which is concerned with the preservation of truth value. Logic does not concern itself with material truths because the latter is considered to be the domain of empirical sciences, and thinking by itself does not advance our knowledge of the world. Logic abstracts from all content and considers the form of thinking alone. This does not necessarily mean that logic is a part of psychology because empirical psychology does not inform us about the nature of thinking itself. So logic à la Frege considers thoughts to be objective but not in the sense that they can be found within the spatio-temporal world like a tree or a chair. Thoughts are objective because different people can have the same thought. Modern logic, however, brackets the question of the ontology of thoughts. It takes e...
Relativism is the idea that there can be two incommensurable realities, each equally valid. So we have two simultaneous assertions: something is real, and it is real relative to me, and these assertions contradict each other. The underlying thought is this: to be finite is to be limited by another, and the other is the infinite. To be finite, then, is to be the negation of the infinite. Finitude, then, is to be understood only in reference to the infinite. If you sever this connection, then the finite in itself becomes the infinite. It comes to be considered as both finite and infinite at the same time. This is relativism. A finite perspective on reality is treated as both reality as such and as finite. If it were not finite, then an equally valid alternative reality would not be possible. But we have a reality which is valid-for-another. This shows the finitude of my own perspective because I am urging my perspective to be treated as absolute while at the same time I am limited by wha...